Paper Key : IRJ************758
Author: Vanapalli Ramesh Babu,Karri Ramu
Date Published: 08 Dec 2022
Abstract
It is commonly used in buildings, with an annual consumption of more than 10 billion metric tons. Concrete comprises between 65 per cent and 80 per cent aggregates responsible for its fresh and hardened properties. There are around 20-30% fine aggregates in the aggregate mix, which comprise about 25% to 40% of its volume. As a fine aggregate, sand is widely used in concrete manufacturing and processing. Riverbeds supply the vast majority of the earth's natural sand. As a result of both overuse and pollution from neighbouring factories, these natural resources are rapidly depleting. In the construction industry, river sand is often supplied locally and transported. It is mostly sand used for making concrete and concrete products. For several reasons, natural sand cannot be used directly in the concrete manufacturing process. The sand is extracted from riverbeds in excess quantities, damaging the environment and containing an organic and soluble chemical that affects the durability of concrete and shortens its life. Authority officials periodically impose sand mining bans to prevent further deterioration and highlight natural sand's importance as a groundwater filter. As natural sand is scarce and construction activity is rising, a concrete product that matches natural sand's qualities is urgently needed. Concrete can be reinforced with manufactured sand, which is abundant in quarries. It is manufactured sand made from crushed rock aggregate. Crushed rock aggregates produce many fines, typically clay or silt-sized less than 0.075 mm. This study examines how sand's different chemical and physical properties affect the strength and durability of concrete of various strengths after washing it with water. The aim is to determine how different manufactured sands affect concrete strength and durability. From 0% to 100%, replacing natural sand with artificial sand affects substantial quality. Various physical and chemical characteristics of manufactured sand were measured experimentally and compared to those of natural sand. These characteristics included specific gravity, fineness modulus, water absorption, surface wetness, size, form, chemical composition, and minerals present. The specific gravity, fineness modulus, water absorption, and surface moisture values of manufactured sand in varying concentrations have been factored into the mix design. At different curing times, the fresh and hardened properties of concrete, such as workability, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, modulus of elasticity, and Poisson's ratio, were measured for different replacement levels of manufactured sand. This helped find the best replacement level. Based on these, the relationship between concrete's mechanical properties was found. Mortar and concrete specimens made with either 100 per cent natural sand, 100 per cent manufactured sand, or the optimal replacement level were subjected to a battery of durability tests, including those for alkali-aggregate reaction, drying shrinkage, impact strength, abrasion, rapid chloride ion penetration, corrosion, acid attack, water absorption, sorptivity, and water permeability. The composition and structure of the particles confirmed those findings. Reinforced Cement Concrete (R.C) beams made with produced sand had their load-bearing ability, ductility factor, energy absorption capacity, toughness indices, and stiffness measured and compared to standard concrete samples. With only Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio as parameters, a mathematical model for determining the structural parameters of any concrete mixture was developed using the finite element analysis program ANSYS. Using synthetic sand in substantial preparation has been demonstrated not to compromise concrete's mechanical, durability, or structural qualities, based on the research conducted. The automatic, durability, and structural attributes of concrete made with manufactured sand improved with an increase in the replacement level of manufactured sand content. In contrast, the qualities of concrete with manufactured sand are enhanced if the concrete is blended at a ratio of 70% manufactured sand to 30% natural sand. Artificial sand is therefore encouraged for use as fine aggregate in concrete because of these benefits.